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The aqueous humor of the eye is a transparent fluid that plays an essential role in ocular physiology. This fluid fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, which are located between the cornea, iris, and lens. In addition, performs several important functions that support normal visual function.
First, aqueous humor provides nutrients and oxygen to structures that do not contain blood vessels. These structures include the cornea and the lens, which rely on this fluid to remain healthy and transparent. In this way, helps maintain the proper function of these tissues.
Furthermore, aqueous humor helps maintain intraocular pressure, which is the internal pressure of the eye. This pressure is necessary to preserve the shape of the eyeball and keep internal structures properly positioned. Therefore, a balance between production and drainage is essential.
Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary bodies, which are located behind the iris. From there, the fluid flows into the posterior chamber of the eye. Afterward, it passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber.
Once it circulates through the anterior chamber, the fluid must be drained to maintain pressure balance. Primarily, exits through the trabecular meshwork, a filtering structure located at the angle between the cornea and the iris. From there, it flows into the canal of Schlemm, which connects to the venous system.
When this drainage system functions properly, intraocular pressure remains stable. However, if the outflow of aqueous humor becomes blocked or reduced, eye pressure may increase.
Elevated intraocular pressure can damage the optic nerve. As a result, this condition is associated with diseases such as glaucoma, one of the leading causes of vision loss.
Therefore, understanding the circulation of aqueous humor is essential in ophthalmology. This knowledge helps explain ocular pressure balance and supports the diagnosis of eye diseases.