Lacrimal Sjögren’s syndrome refers to the specific dysfunction of the structures responsible for ocular moisture due to an error in immune recognition. In an optimal state of health, the lacrimal glands produce a fluid film that nourishes and protects the eye’s surface. However, this balance is interrupted when the body generates an autoimmune response directed against its own exocrine tissues. This pathology is characterized by the infiltration of white blood cells into the glands, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Therefore, the lacrimal and salivary glands become targets of the immune system, resulting in a critical decrease in the production of tears and saliva. Consequently, the physical result is a face showing signs of persistent ocular irritation due to the lack of natural lubrication.
Moreover, the autoimmune disease of Sjögren induces dryness that alters the transparency and health of the cornea. It is important to highlight that the absence of sufficient tears generates constant irritation, manifesting as redness and burning. Nevertheless, the most disabling symptom for patients is the foreign body sensation, frequently described as having sand in the eyes. As a result, the dry eye syndrome derived from this condition can lead to blurred vision and increased sensitivity to light. Furthermore, Sjögren’s syndrome predominantly affects women, impacting not only ocular health but also oral health and the overall well-being of the face.
For this reason, identifying ocular irritation requires a detailed evaluation of the stability of the tear film. In view of this, diagnosis usually includes tests that measure how quickly the eye dries out after blinking. Due to this condition, the ocular surface becomes vulnerable to micro-lesions and opportunistic infections. On the other hand, treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms through the constant use of artificial tears and high-viscosity moisturizing gels. Accordingly, the decrease in production of tears must be compensated externally to prevent permanent scarring on the corneal epithelium.
Finally, the comprehensive management of lacrimal Sjögren’s syndrome seeks to restore patient comfort and preserve the integrity of vision. Although the underlying cause is a systemic failure of the immune system, local care is fundamental to avoid aesthetic and functional deterioration of the face. In summary, understanding how the glands lose their secretory capacity is vital for the application of immunomodulatory therapies. Ultimately, the main goal is to maintain adequate hydration that minimizes friction between the eyelid and the eyeball. Lastly, follow-up by specialists ensures that ocular dryness does not lead to severe complications that compromise the quality of life.