Gums

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  Physiology of the molar

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  Molars have a multilayer structure including enamel,
  dentin and pulp. Their crowns grind food while roots
  anchor the tooth to the jaw through the periodontal
  ligament.

  

  

  

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  Stage II periodontitis

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  The stage II periodontitis has an altered function in dental
  support. Moreover, under normal conditions, the gums and
  bone keep the tooth stable. Additionally, the periodontal
  ligament distributes chewing forces.

  

  

  

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  Stages of periodontitis

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  The stages of periodontitis have a general function in disease
  classification. Moreover, under normal conditions, gums and
  bone maintain tooth stability. Additionally, the periodontal
  ligament distributes forces. Furthermore, they ensure oral health.

  

  

  

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  Teeth and jaw

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  Dentition and the mandible work together in the
  stomatognathic system to support teeth and allow
  proper chewing and oral function.

  

  

  

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  The periodontal initial phase

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  Periodontal initial phase. The illustration regarding this phase
  describes the conditions that impact the gums and supporting
  structures. The onset manifests as gingivitis with inflammation
  and bleeding, potentially evolving into periodontitis with bone
  loss due to lack of oral hygiene.

  

  

  

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  The upper jaw

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  The maxilla is a craniofacial bone that supports the
  upper teeth and contributes to the structure of the
  palate, nasal cavity, and eye orbit.

  

  

  

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  The upper teeth

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  Upper dentition includes incisors, canines, premolars,
  and molars located in the maxilla. These teeth are essential
  for chewing, speech, and facial appearance.

  

  

  

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  Tooth attachment

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  Tooth attachment depends on the periodontium, a set of
  tissues that connect the tooth root to the alveolar bone.
  It includes the periodontal ligament, root cementum,
  alveolar bone, and gums.

  

  

  

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  Types of teeth

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  Teeth are classified into incisors, canines, premolars,
  and molars. Each type performs specific functions in
  cutting, tearing, and grinding food during chewing.

  

  

  

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  Wisdom tooth

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  The wisdom tooth has a general function in chewing. Moreover,
  under normal conditions, it contributes to grinding food.
  Additionally, it is part of the permanent dentition. Furthermore,
  it participates in oral function.