Rheumatoid arthritis is shown in this schematic illustration, focused on a joint with progressive damage. In the image, destruction of articular cartilage is visible. Moreover, thickening of the synovial membrane is illustrated. Furthermore, chronic inflammation is shown. On the other hand, areas of structural deterioration are clearly identified.
In this case, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. Additionally, this process leads to persistent inflammation. Consequently, progressive damage occurs in cartilage and surrounding tissues. Likewise, multiple joints may be affected. For example, hands, wrists, and knees.
From a pathophysiological perspective, the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissues. Moreover, a continuous inflammatory response is activated. Furthermore, mediators are released that damage cartilage. On the other hand, the synovial membrane thickens. Consequently, joint destruction occurs.
Regarding symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis presents with joint pain. However, swelling may also occur. Additionally, morning stiffness is characteristic. For example, progressive deformity may develop. Likewise, symptoms are often symmetrical.
On the other hand, risk factors include genetic predisposition. Consequently, environmental factors may contribute. Moreover, immune system dysfunction plays a key role. Furthermore, these factors promote disease development. Overall, they determine progression.
Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation. Moreover, laboratory tests detect inflammatory markers. Furthermore, imaging studies show joint damage. Consequently, the disease is confirmed. On the other hand, treatment is guided.
Finally, treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis focuses on slowing progression. For instance, disease-modifying drugs are used. However, anti-inflammatory medications are also applied. Additionally, physical therapy is beneficial. In conclusion, proper management preserves joint function and improves quality of life.