The corneal layer is the transparent front structure of
the eye. It allows light to enter the eye, contributes to
light refraction, and protects internal eye structures,
helping form clear images on the retina.
Drainage blockage in glaucoma shows how obstruction of the
aqueous humor flow increases intraocular pressure. This fluid
drains through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal,
but when drainage is blocked, eye pressure rises progressively
damaging the optic nerve.
Dry Macular Degeneration (AMD), dry form, illustrates how, in
this disease, the macula—the central part of the retina—gradually
deteriorates. As the macula loses cells, an accumulation of cellular
debris known as drusen forms.
Esotropicstrabismusisa formof strabismuswhereoneeye
deviatesinwardcomparedto the other.Thisconditioncan result
in double visionandvisualcoordinationproblems.
The eyein strabismushypertropiaisa typeof strabismusin which oneeye is deflected upwards compared to the other.Thiscancause doublevisionandvisual coordination problems.
Eye and eyelid anatomy includes structures responsible
for vision and protection. The eye focuses light onto the
retina, while the eyelids protect the eyeball and distribute
tears to keep the ocular surface hydrated.
The healthy macula is responsible for central and detailed
vision. Its photoreceptor cells allow clear perception of colors,
contrasts, and fine visual details, making it essential for tasks
such as reading and recognizing faces.
Normal vision occurs when light enters the eye through
the cornea, passes through the pupil, and is focused by the
lens onto the retina. Through accommodation, the eye can
adjust focus for near and distant objects, allowing clear
and sharp visual perception.
Glaucoma and high eye pressure are conditions in which increased
pressure inside the eye damages the optic nerve, gradually affecting
vision. This happens when the aqueous humor does not drain properly
through the Schlemm’s canal, causing a buildup of fluid.
A healthy eye lens and another affected by cataracts. In a healthy
eye, the lens is clear, allowing light to pass to the retina without
obstruction. In contrast, a lens with cataracts looks cloudy, making
vision difficult and causing blur.
Human extraocular muscles control the movement of the eyeball.
These six muscles work together to produce vertical, horizontal,
and rotational eye movements, allowing both eyes to coordinate
their position and maintain accurate visual tracking.
Intraocular lens. This artificial lens is implanted in the eye after the
removal of the natural lens during cataract surgery. The intraocular
lens replaces the cloudy lens, allowing light to focus correctly on the
retina and restoring vision.