The knee osteoarthritis is shown in this schematic illustration, focused on the knee joint. In the image, progressive cartilage wear is visible. Moreover, joint space narrowing is illustrated. Furthermore, bone-to-bone contact is shown. On the other hand, areas of joint damage are clearly identified.
In this case, the knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease affecting articular cartilage. Additionally, this tissue loses its cushioning capacity. Consequently, bones begin to rub against each other. Likewise, this causes pain and inflammation. For example, it limits movement during daily activities.
From a pathophysiological perspective, cartilage gradually deteriorates. Moreover, joint biomechanics are altered. Furthermore, osteophytes may form. On the other hand, the synovial membrane may become inflamed. Consequently, symptoms worsen and function declines.
Regarding symptoms, the knee osteoarthritis presents with joint pain. However, morning stiffness may also occur. Additionally, crepitus is common. For example, movement limitation may develop. Likewise, symptoms worsen with physical activity.
On the other hand, risk factors include aging. Consequently, excess weight increases joint stress. Moreover, previous injuries may contribute. Furthermore, genetic factors may play a role. Overall, these elements increase disease risk.
Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation. Moreover, X-rays show cartilage wear. Furthermore, imaging studies provide additional detail. Consequently, severity is determined. On the other hand, treatment is guided.
Finally, treatment of the knee osteoarthritis includes conservative measures. For instance, exercise and physical therapy are recommended. However, medications such as analgesics are also used. Additionally, advanced cases may require joint replacement surgery. In conclusion, early management improves quality of life.