Lens extraction in cataracts is a surgical procedure used
in advanced cases. This representation shows the cornea,
lens, aqueous humor, retina, and optic nerve.
The crystalline lens is a transparent and flexible structure
located behind the iris that focuses light onto the retina.
Through accommodation, controlled by the ciliary muscles,
the lens changes shape to focus on objects at different
distances.
The lens replacement in cataract surgery illustrates the final stage,
where the cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens.
After removing the lens using phacoemulsification, the new lens is
implanted through a small incision in the cornea.
The macula and fovea are central retinal regions responsible
for detailed vision. The macula supports high visual acuity,
while the fovea contains the highest density of cone cells,
allowing precise color perception and sharp central vision.
Macular Degeneration (AMD) illustrates how the condition affects
the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed
vision. Aging can damage the cells of the macula, leading to blurred
vision or loss of central vision.
Aqueous humor drainage describes the flow of fluid
from the ciliary body through the trabecular meshwork
and the canal of Schlemm to regulate eye pressure.
Ocular drainage in glaucoma shows how obstruction or dysfunction
in the eye’s drainage systems can lead to an increase in intraocular
pressure. In a healthy eye, aqueous humor flows properly through the
trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal.
The blockage of the eye’s drainage prevents the proper flow of
aqueous humor, which can increase intraocular pressure. In a
healthy eye, aqueous humor flows normally through the drainage
channels, such as the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal.
Photoreceptors in the retina include cones and rods. Cones
enable detailed color vision in bright light, while rods provide
sensitivity to dim light and support peripheral vision.
Aqueous humor physiology explains how this fluid nourishes
the cornea and lens while maintaining intraocular pressure
through circulation and drainage.